Funding for this research was provided by:
Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. and Royal Dutch Shell, Assen, The Netherlands
Article History
Received: 9 October 2020
Accepted: 5 April 2021
First Online: 17 April 2021
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (reference number: M14.165646). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For ethical approval in the United Kingdom, we followed the national guidelines of the National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority. The NHS Health Research Authority uses the tool ‘Do I need NHS REC approval?’, which is available at ExternalRef removed. The tool determines if a study requires formal approval by an NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC). For the current study, NHS REC approval for sites in England was not needed (IRAS project ID: 167611). Therefore, the study was not further examined by an ethics committee in the United Kingdom. The use of the tool also precludes the need for an official waiver.
: Not applicable.
: Vanessa Riethmeister works full time as an insights analyst at the Health, Safety and Environment Department at Royal Dutch Shell. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.