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Authors
Ferraro, Claire F.
Findlater, Lucy
Morbey, Roger
Hughes, Helen E.
Harcourt, Sally
Hughes, Thomas C.
Elliot, Alex J.
Oliver, Isabel
Smith, Gillian E.
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2021
Accepted: 29 September 2021
First Online: 5 November 2021
Declarations
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: The anonymised health data used in this study were routinely collected as part of the public health function of PHE. PHE has access to a range of data sources under Regulation 3 (Health Protection) of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002. Informed consent from individuals was not required.This study was undertaken as part of the national surveillance functions of Public Health England, in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The UK Health Research Authority decision tool defined this study as “Usual Practice” (http://www.hra-decisiontools.org.uk/ research/docs/DefiningResearchTable_Oct2017–1.pdf) as such ethical approval for this work was not required. All experimental protocols were approved by Public Health England.
: Not applicable.
: TCH is a director of L2S2 Ltd. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
