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Article History

Received: 24 April 2021

Accepted: 15 November 2021

First Online: 10 January 2022

Declarations

:

: This survey has been conducted according to the standards expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for the ethics and privacy standards for this study was obtained from the responsible committees at the ministries of education in the participating federal states (Baden-Württemberg <i>reference number:</i> 31-6499.20/822, Berlin <i>reference number:</i> II A 4, Brandenburg <i>reference number:</i> 47/2016 , Bremen <i>reference number:</i> ID 2014-11, Hessen <i>reference number:</i> GWU 332, Lower Saxony <i>reference number:</i> OS 1 R.21 - 0541/2 N, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania <i>reference number:</i> VII-321-14000-2013/003-116, North Rhine-Westphalia <i>reference number:</i> 41.5.2.1-705/14, Rhineland-Palatinate <i>reference number:</i> 51 111-32/31-14, Saarland <i>reference number:</i> A 4/C - 2.7.4.1, Saxony <i>reference number:</i> ZS-6499.20/931/2, Saxony-Anhalt <i>reference number:</i> 24-39/14, Schleswig-Holstein <i>reference number:</i> III 406, Thuringia <i>reference number:</i> 3 2/5038-10/2014). Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from participants and their parents or legal guardian. Participants and parents/legal guardians received information letters beforehand, containing details about the survey content, data processing procedures and participants’ rights. All participants were informed about their rights to not fill in the questionnaire or leave out individual questions. All materials follow the standards set by the German Network of Educational Research Data (VerbundFDB). All procedures implemented during data collection and processing enabled confidentiality and anonymity.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.