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Article History

Received: 4 April 2022

Accepted: 12 August 2022

First Online: 26 August 2022

Declarations

:

: This study was built on the analysis of openly accessible secondary data with all identifier information were removed. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ICF Macro at Fairfax, Virginia in the USA reviewed and approved the MEASURE DHS Project Phase three. The 2010–2018 DHS’s are considered under that approval. The IRB of ICF Macro complied with the United States Department of Health and Human Services requirements for the “Protection of Human Subjects” (45 CFR 46). Most importantly, the informed consent statement emphasizes that participation is voluntary; that the respondent may refuse to answer any question, decline any biomarker test, or terminate participation at any time; and that the respondent’s identity and information will be kept strictly confidential. In addition, written informed consent was obtained from a parent or guardian for participants under 16 years old. ICF Macro permitted the authors to use the data. The full details of the ethical approvals can be found atExternalRef removedand the data can be founded onExternalRef removed. We confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.