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Authors
Vik, Frøydis N. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-0070
Nilsen, Trude http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-4598
Øverby, Nina C. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-041X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitetet i Agder
Universitetet i Oslo
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Article History
Received: 5 April 2022
Accepted: 12 September 2022
First Online: 21 September 2022
Declarations
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: The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training is responsible for TIMSS Norway, and they randomly select participating schools, ensure GDPR, and own the data. It is part of the quality assurance system within the Norwegian education system, and participation on the school level is obligatory. The schools, teachers, and students received in-depth information about TIMSS prior to the study and were informed about the study being within GDPR rules. It was voluntary for the students and teachers to participate, and they could withdraw upon their own decision. Students provided their informed consent upon participation. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
