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Article History

Received: 9 May 2022

Revised: 21 September 2022

Accepted: 10 October 2022

First Online: 19 October 2022

Change Date: 2 October 2023

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16800-7

Declarations

:

: This research uses only publicly available de-identified survey data. Under exemption four of NIH definitions, this research is therefore exempt from NIH human subjects research. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: Through PinneyAssociates, FF, AS, JG, and SS provide consulting services on tobacco harm reduction on an exclusive basis to Juul Labs Inc. The preparation of this manuscript was supported by JLI, and JLI reviewed and provided comments on a draft manuscript. The content and the decision to publish are the responsibility of the authors. JG and SS also own interest in a novel nicotine gum that has neither been developed nor commercialized.