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Article History

Received: 1 September 2022

Accepted: 8 December 2022

First Online: 19 December 2022

Declarations

:

: Approvals were obtained from government entities and/or local ethics committees. All data collection and processing has been carried out in accordance with local regulations and relevant guidelines. Local protocols have been relevant authorities or ethic committees. The ethics approvals for the respective countries are: Letter No. 1/158 dated February 21st, 2018 from the Capital City department of health for Ulaanbaatar, SEN 18/79 and SEN19/14 from the Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé for Dakar, and CEP-SMS; 3·818·858 for São Paulo with the latter requiring informed consent. In Dakar and Ulaanbaatar, informed consent was not required. In Ulaanbaatar, monitoring and evaluation of data reported in this paper was considered evaluation, and not humans subjects research, approval for data collection and waiver of informed consent was granted by the Ulaanbaatar health department. In Dakar, informed consent was waived by the Ministere de la Santé e de l’Action Social du Senegal. The initiative supported the establishment of a hypertension registry. The data presented in this paper was extracted from this registry. Data was only shared as aggregated and anonymized work product.

: Not applicable.

: The Novartis Foundation is a private a private not-for-profit organization and funded the urban population health initiative and the presented study. The American Heart Association is a recipient of funding from the Novartis Foundation for technical assistance and resources to support professional education, quality improvement, monitoring, and evaluation in this multi-city initiative. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and does not represent the views of the American Heart Association. The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, the Sociedade de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo, Intrahealth, YC Baxter, the Mongolian Public Health Professionals’ Association, the Onom Foundation, the Instituto Tellus and Iqvia are funded by the Novartis Foundation for contributing to the implementation and / or evaluation of the urban population health initiative and the study described here. In collaboration with local and global partner organizations, local health authorities, and medical societies, the funder led the study design, oversaw data collection and analysis, publications, and preparation of the manuscript. None of the authors have declared any additional conflict of interest.