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Article History

Received: 25 August 2021

Accepted: 8 December 2022

First Online: 29 December 2022

Declarations

:

: This analyzed only the data on the number of reports about animal diseases in the community via smartphone application in the PODD animal surveillance system to indicate the effort between the two study areas (with monthly and no payment for reporting). The data are available in the PODD animal surveillance system. Dr. Lertrak Srikitjakarn, the primary investigator of PODD Project, granted permission to access the raw data in the system and the data was anonymized before its use. This study involves minimal risk, as the number of reports about animal diseases in the community via smartphone application is for limited information. The information is not sensitive in nature, and the data are not derived from clinical procedures. There is an extremely low probability of harm to subjects’ status, employment, or insurability. Contacting subjects to obtain their consent could be considered an invasion of privacy and cause subjects’ undue anxiety. The study designs complied with the relevant ethical guidelines for human experimentation as well as the 2013 revision of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration (23). This study was waived for ethics approval and consent to participate by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.