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Article History

Received: 19 June 2022

Accepted: 5 January 2023

First Online: 9 January 2023

Declarations

:

: This study involved secondary analysis of historical de-identified data from the People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH) in China. According to the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans (by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2016), this study did not require ethical approval given that all data were anonymized by the data controller and the intended use in current study falls within the scope of the original informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.