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Article History

Received: 3 August 2023

Accepted: 28 September 2023

First Online: 7 October 2023

Declarations

:

: The present study is negligible risk research that involves existing collections of non-identifiable data about human beings. It is a de-identified secondary analysis of freely available data. Research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board ( ). NHANES was approved by the National Centre for Health Statistics research ethics review board and informed consent was obtained for all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.