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Article History

Received: 2 April 2023

Accepted: 30 September 2023

First Online: 18 October 2023

Declarations

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: Ethical review and approval for procedures and questionnaires for standard GCRO QoL surveys were provided by the Human Research Ethics Committee (non-medical), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Research office. In addition, the GCRO QoL survey protocols are reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. According to the GCRO Field Staff, all human subjects gave informed consent for inclusion before participating in the study. Procedures and questionnaires for the standard GCRO QoL surveys have been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (non-medical), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. This study only makes use of secondary data without involving any human subjects. Therefore, no formal ethical approval was required. However, permission to use the data was sought from the GCRO through a written request and an approval was obtained to use the 2009 to 2021 GCRO QoL survey datasets from the GCRO repository (). The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as with the relevant ethical guidelines and regulations. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the host province of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg GCRO QoL surveys (Project identification code: Round 1 GCRO QoL 2009; Round 2 GCRO QoL 2011; Round 3 GCRO QoL 2013‒2014; Round 4 GCRO QoL 2015‒2016; Round 5 GCRO QoL 2017‒2018; and Round 6 GCRO QoL 2020‒2021). Permission was only given subject to using the data for this research topic only and publishing the findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.