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Authors
Geppert, Johanna
Lietzow, Julika
Hessel-Pras, Stefanie
Kirsch, Fabian
Schäfer, Bernd
Sachse, Benjamin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR)
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2023
Accepted: 2 November 2023
First Online: 23 November 2023
Declarations
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: Ethical principles and appropriate consent procedures were applied in the study. Formal approval by an institutional review board could not be obtained as such an approval procedure is not yet in place at our institution for this type of research. Based on the guidelines of the DFG (ExternalRef removed), ethical approval was not required for this study: The study did not include experimental manipulation or psychological tests. No person-identifiable data, sensitive or confidential data were collected. In addition, respondents could always quit the survey before completion and had the possibility to refuse to answer one or more questions. All data were recorded and processed anonymously and all respondents involved in the study provided their consent to participate. Also, the study was conducted in accordance with the ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics (ExternalRef removed) and the regulations of the Association of German Market Research Institutes (ExternalRef removed). The latter include a “Guideline on Interviewing Minors” supported by the German Association of Social Science Institutes (ASI) and the German Society of Online Research. It states, that informed consent of the custodian for minors between the ages of 14 and up to and including 17 years is only mandatory for interviews that includes sensitive topics. Based on the considerations described above and because the study did not investigate a sensitive topic (such as illegal behavior), custodian consent was waived. For internet-based surveys, processing personal data of minors up to and including the age of 15, the custodian’s consent is required in accordance with Art. 8(1) EU-GDPR. The study adheres to these guidelines. Persons under 16 years of age did not participate in the online survey of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
