Qian, Haobing
Wehby, George L.
Article History
Received: 5 June 2023
Accepted: 6 November 2023
First Online: 5 December 2023
Declarations
:
: All data is de-identified and the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board exempted the need for ethical approval for the present study. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (such as the Declaration of Helsinki). This study involved analysis of existing data originally collected by the National Vital Statistics Systems (NVSS). The NVSS team obtained informed consent from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No financial disclosures were reported for this study.