Chou, An-Kuo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-5844
Liao, Chun-Hua http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-4517
Chen, Duan-Rung http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-987X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch (110-HCH025, 110-HCH025)
Article History
Received: 25 May 2023
Accepted: 6 November 2023
First Online: 4 December 2023
Declarations
:
: Approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan (Institutional Review Board tracking number: 109-145 F). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Before commencing the study, a detailed research statement explaining the purpose of the study was provided to the invited adolescents and their parents. To ensure personal privacy and protect sensitive populations, our study used an anonymous, one-time questionnaire, and eliminating the need to retain participants’ names that did not involve direct contact with human participants. Therefore, the Research Ethics Committee at National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch in Hsinchu, Taiwan, approved the waiver of written informed consent for this study. Participants who chose not to participate were provided with the option to return a sealed envelope containing a blank questionnaire. The research described in this article was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set forth by the Research Ethics Committee, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.