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Article History

Received: 26 July 2022

Accepted: 19 November 2023

First Online: 26 February 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by relevant institutional ethics review boards (United States, Western Independent Review Board [WIRB]; Germany, Western Independent Review Board [WIRB]; Italy, Western Independent Review Board [WIRB]; China, Shanghai Ethics Committee for Clinical Research; Japan, NPO MINS Ethics Review Committee). All participants completed an informed consent form before being interviewed.

: Not applicable.

: MT, JW, QN, DL, and YL have no disclosures. CC is the Senior Vice President at the Hepatitis B Foundation. The Hepatitis B Foundation receives unrestricted education and public health grants from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, GSK, Bristol Myers Squibb, Antios Therapeutics, VBI Vaccines, and Dynavax Technologies. HK, JM, HCP, and CM are employees of and stockholders of Clarivate; providing specialized clinical outcomes assessment and patient-centered outcomes consultancy to various pharmaceutical companies, including Janssen Global Services, LLC, which funded the conduct of this study. AFS consults with various pharmaceutical companies, including Janssen Global Services, LLC, which funded the conduct of this study. RGG has had grants/research support from Gilead; is/has been a consultant and/or advisor to Abbott, AbbVie, Access Biologicals, Alexion, Antios, Arrowhead, Bayer AG, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eiger, Eisai, Enyo, eStudySite, Forty-Seven Inc, Gilead Sciences, HepaTx, HepQuant, Intercept, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Laboratory for Advanced Medicine, Lilly, Merck, Salix, Shionogi, Trimaran and Viking Therapeutics; provides consulting for ADMA Biologics, AEC Partners, Arena Pharmaceuticals Inc, Arterys Inc, Cirina, Consumer Health Products Association, DRG Abacus, Intellia, IQVIA, Kannalife, Labyrinth Holdings, Organovo, Patient Connect and Spring Bank; is on scientific or clinical advisory boards for Abbott, AbbVie, Merck, Arrowhead, Bayer, Dova Pharmaceuticals, Eiger, Enyo, Hatch Biofund, HepQuant, Intercept, Janssen, and Medimmune; is an advisory consultant for Biocollections, Fujifilm/Wako, and Quest; is on the data safety monitoring board for Ionis and Eiger; has speaker contracts with AbbVie, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dova Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Gilead, Intercept, Salix, and Shionogi; is a minor stock shareholder in Athenex, Triact, Riboscience, and Cocrystal; and has stock options in Athenex, Eiger, and HepQuant. Over 80% of the income from pharmaceutical companies received by RGG is directed to research, education, public policy, and/or donated to charities. HY has a research grant provided by Chugai. MC has received lecture and consultant fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Roche Pharma, and Roche Diagnostics, and grant support from Roche Pharma and Roche Diagnostics. MB has been a member of speakers’ bureaus for Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Roche, and Janssen; and has been a member of advisory boards for AbbVie, Roche, Gilead and MSD. FvB consults for, is on the speakers’ bureau for, and received grants from Gilead, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Roche, and has scientific collaboration with Roche and Janssen. QX reports payments from Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, and MSD. US, MB-M, AVK, YT, AL, QC, TI, OR, and EKHC are employees of Janssen Pharmaceutica and may hold stock in Johnson and Johnson. NH was an employee of Janssen Pharmaceuticals, but did not hold any stock in Johnson and Johnson, at the time of the study. AP was an employee of Janssen Pharmaceuticals at the time of the study and may hold stock in Johnson and Johnson. GH has received honoraria from Gilead for an educational event; payment from AbbVie for excellence training; and holds stock options in Johnson and Johnson. SW reports a FOCUS grant from Gilead Sciences outside of the submitted work.