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Article History

Received: 14 July 2023

Accepted: 14 December 2023

First Online: 2 January 2024

Declarations

:

: This analysis utilized de-identified data and therefore did not qualify as human subjects research and did not require ethical approval per federal regulation based on the 2018 revisions to the Common Rule exemptions found in 45 CFR 46.104(d); this determination was made by the National Institutes of Health Office of IRB Operations (IRB# 000166). This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The CURB survey data was collected and managed by YouGov. YouGov uses a proprietary, opt-in survey panel (members agree to be contacted for surveys) comprised of over 1.8 million US residents. Details about the panel and sampling methods are described elsewhere. YouGov received Federalwide Assurance by the Department of Health and Human Services (FWA00010960) and adheres to 45 CFR part 46 regulations. For this survey, potential participants were sent an email invitation that presented required informed consent elements and asked them to click on a “yes” response if they agreed to participate.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.