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Article History

Received: 29 May 2023

Accepted: 5 March 2024

First Online: 19 March 2024

Declarations

:

: All procedures were approved by the University of Waterloo Office of Research Ethics (ORE: 30118), participating school boards, and schools. All students attending participating schools were invited to participate using active-information passive-consent parental permission protocols. Parents/guardians of all participating students, including minors, provided informed passive consent, as per active information passive consent parental permission protocols. These protocols have been widely adopted and have been approved by ethics boards at multiple universities and the school boards themselves. Under these protocols, parents were informed of the study by schools. If parents had any questions/concerns and/or did not wish to have their child participate, these students were ineligible for participation and were not provided a questionnaire. If after two weeks parents had not contacted study staff to withdraw their child, passive consent was assumed. All students not withdrawn by their parents were considered eligible for participation. All participating students provided active assent. Students were free to decline to participate and withdraw from the study at any time. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was conducted in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.