Updates are available Correction dated 2026-09-11
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28991-w
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Authors
Wang, Ting
Liu, Huizhen
Zhou, Xiaoqin
Wang, Changxi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12201441)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program (23NSFSC3794)
Med-X for informatics, Sichuan University (YGJC006)
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2023
Accepted: 18 April 2024
First Online: 27 April 2024
Change Date: 4 September 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the instrument used in the article should be referred to as the “CHARLS cognitive battery adapted from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol designed by the Health and Retirement Study (HRS-HCAP) instead” of “Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE),”. The terminology has been corrected.
Change Date: 11 September 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28991-w
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All methods in this study on humans described in the manuscript were performed in accordance with national law and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 and its later amendments. Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted by the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey is IRB0000105211015. CHARLS stated that informed consent had been obtained from all respondents.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
