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Article History

Received: 25 June 2023

Accepted: 14 June 2024

First Online: 19 June 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee on Human Research of Mae Fah Luang University (EC No.22204–18) in Thailand and the Ethical Committee from the Ministry of Health in Somalia (Ref No: MOH&HS/DGO/1934/December/2022). The investigators obtained permission from the managers at purposively selected hospitals to proceed with data collection, and written informed consent was obtained from the mothers and legal guardians and thumb signatures for the illiterate participants; those who met the inclusion criteria and consented to the research project participated in the study. This procedure of informed consent by thumb signature was approved by the Ethical Committee on Human Research of Mae Fah Luang University in Thailand and the Ministry of Health in Somalia, and they approved all research procedures. All the mothers and legal guardians who participated in the study were informed about the voluntary responses to the study questions through a face-to-face interview. They were informed of the study’s objectives, benefits, and risks and could withdraw from the interview at any time. All study participants were assured that the information they gave data collectors remained anonymous and confidential. The finding of data, which the investigators only used for academic purposes to present, could not reflect individual information. The study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.