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Article History

Received: 6 December 2023

Accepted: 2 August 2024

First Online: 12 August 2024

Declarations

:

: The study is based on publicly available secondary data obtained from datasets provided by the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). No direct contact was made with the study participants. Therefore, informed consent for the present analysis was not necessary as secondary data analysis does not involve interaction with participants. Ethical approval for the HINTS was obtained through expedited review by the Westat Institutional Review Board and subsequently deemed exempt by the U.S. National Institutes of Health Office of Human Subjects Research Protections. HINTS adheres to established international and local ethical standards and protocols in its surveys. Approval to use the HINTS dataset was granted by the National Cancer Institute. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. They determined that no formal ethical consent was required to conduct research using this data source.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.