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Article History

Received: 6 June 2024

Accepted: 8 November 2024

First Online: 12 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. The KYH main study was approved by the ethics committees of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (Protocol No 8808, received 24/02/2015), the Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia (Protocol No 01/01–15, received 27/01/2015). Recruitment of the narcological sub-study participants was approved by Research Ethics Committee at NSMU, Arkhangelsk, Russia (Protocol No 05/11–16, received 02/11/2016). This study is part of PhD project “Use of electronic health records to study health effects of alcohol in Arkhangelsk, Russia” study as part of the dynamic observation of participants in the “Know Your Heart”. Ethical approvals for the PhD project were obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at NSMU, Arkhangelsk, Russia (Protocol No 10/12–21, received 22/12/2021) and The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) at UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway (Pro-tocol No 433896, received 20/06/2022). All participants in the study provided signed informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.