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Article History

Received: 10 March 2024

Accepted: 13 November 2024

First Online: 22 November 2024

Declarations

:

: The China Migrants Dynamic Survey (2018) data is publicly available to authorized researchers who have been given permission by the Migrant Population Service Center. Written informed consents were obtained from all participants. As this study involved analyzing anonymized existing data, ethical approval was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.