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Article History

Received: 26 February 2024

Accepted: 15 November 2024

First Online: 29 November 2024

Change Date: 12 May 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Following the publication of the article, the Funding section was updated.

Declarations

:

: The “Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects” were not applicable to this study as the subjects were restaurants and bars not human subjects, and ethics approval and informed consent was waved by institutional review board of Osaka University: Ethical Review Board Osaka University Hospital.In the first page of the questionnaire, we explained the purpose of this study, stated that cooperation in the survey was voluntary and considered as agreement to participate of the survey. In addition, we included the contact information so that we could respond to inquiries and refusals to respond.Information on each restaurant and bar was handled on personal computers with appropriate security measures such as setting passwords and installing security software, so that no disadvantage would arise from this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.