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Article History

Received: 13 September 2024

Accepted: 28 January 2025

First Online: 4 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This study strictly adhered to rigorous ethical standards, obtaining clearance from the Committee on Human Research, Publication, and Ethics at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Ref. CHRPE/AP/528/23). To uphold transparency and participant respect, we communicated the study’s objectives and secured both oral and written informed consent before initiating data collection. Participants were explicitly briefed on the voluntary nature of their involvement, assuring them the option to refrain from answering sensitive or personal questions and withdraw from the study at any point without facing penalties.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.