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Authors
Shaban, Mohannad Abdalfdeel Almahie
Sidahmed, Thoraya Salah Murtada
Elobied, Hind Elmukashfi ShamsEldin
Omer, Mojtaba Majdy Elfakey
Yusuf, Altayeb Abayazeed Altayeb
El-Haj, Al-Romaysa M.Osman Khalafalla
Yassin, Mohamed Faroug Ali
Abbas, Hamza Essam Mohamed
AbdAlrhman, Fatima Alamin Mohammed
Ahmed, Osman Eisa Mahmoud
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2024
Accepted: 13 February 2025
First Online: 6 March 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Alazhari Health Research Center. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and Sudan’s National Ministry of Health’s National Guidelines for Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Human Subjects (2008) [, ]. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the survey, which included a clear description of the study’s objectives and assurances of anonymity and confidentiality. Participants indicated their consent by selecting “Yes” in a mandatory consent question before completing the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
