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Article History

Received: 30 April 2024

Accepted: 6 March 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study obtained ethical approval from the Research Management and Development Department of Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau (No. REC-2022.1102) and adhered to the principles delineated in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Research Management and Development Department is in charge of ethical approvals of scientific research projects, as well as issuing the ethical approval documents. Upon reviewing the informed consent, participants proceeded to initiate the questionnaire filling process by selecting the “Agree” button, or alternatively, opted to terminate their involvement in the data collection platform by selecting the “Disagree” button. Participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any point without experiencing any adverse consequences. In the event of participant withdrawal, any data previously provided by them would not be utilized for analysis purposes. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.