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Article History

Received: 20 December 2024

Accepted: 7 March 2025

First Online: 18 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available and de identified data collected by the World Bank (HFPS-HH 2020–2023), available via the World Bank Microdata catalogue: . Besides, the original data collection obtained ethical clearance and all participants completed appropriate informed consent procedures prior to participating in the survey. Then, only consented surveys were kept in the dataset with all personal identifying information dropped from the clean dataset. As such, this analysis is exempted from ethical approval. However, authors also obtained a letter of consent for secondary analysis from College of Natural and Computational Science Research Ethics Review committee of Hawassa University, on May 22, 2024 with RERC reference number: CNCS-REC 038/24.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.