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Article History

Received: 28 November 2024

Accepted: 11 March 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: PL, SC, HO & AZ - academic staff at MUHAS, JM - PhD student at LU and academic staff at MUHAS, Tanzania, HP – PhD student at Boston University and academic staff at MUHAS, JA - PhD student at Galway University, Ireland, IYA - academic staff at University of Sydney, Australia,

: The study analysed the collected data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) which had already obtained ethical clearance during data collection including the National Institute of Medical Research and the Zanzibar Medical Research Ethical Committee. Additionally, based on principle of informed consent in the Declaration of Helsinki, all women who participated in the DHS survey provided verbal informed consent before participating.in the survey. Hence this study did not need another ethical clearance. However, permission to use the data was requested from the DHS custodian USAID MEASURES.

: The study analysed the collected data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) which had already obtained ethical clearance hence this study did not need another ethical clearance. However, permission to use the data was requested from the DHS custodian ().