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Authors
Tao, Mengjun
Guo, Xin
Ji, Xiancan
Xu, Liang
Yuan, Hui
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2024
Accepted: 12 March 2025
First Online: 25 March 2025
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is conducted with appropriate ethical oversight and informed consent from participants. As this study involved secondary data analysis, additional ethical approval and consent were not required.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include individual-level data or identifiable information requiring consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
