Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 November 2023

Accepted: 13 March 2025

First Online: 19 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by The Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (IRB 708/63), which followed the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, CIOMS Guideline and International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). Access to the Thailand live birth registration data of women aged between 15 and 19 years during 2009–2018 was officially permitted by the Strategy and Planning Division of the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Thailand Ministry of Public Health without disclosing their names or personally identifiable information. The researcher used secondary data, the annual number of live births among women 15 to 19 years during 2009–2018, do not contain personally identifiable information (de-identified), and consent forms were exempted by the IRB of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand according to Exemption requirements AF 08 − 01/6.0 Reference by 45 CFR 46.101(b), 45 CFR 46.401(b), DOHP 400 − 4.6 “Non-Human Subject/Non-Research Determination”.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.