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Authors
Hu, Mengxiao
Hao, Xiaowei
Zhang, Yunquan
Sun, Xiaofeng
Zhang, Meng
Zhao, Jingyi
Wang, Qing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202211080088)
Central Government-supported Demonstration Project for Public Hospital Reform and High-quality Development of Weifang (ZFCG-2024-0000505)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2024
Accepted: 19 March 2025
First Online: 26 April 2025
Declarations
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: This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Public Health at Shandong University (approval number: LL2303021). All personal identifiable information in the data was anonymized or de-identified prior to analysis. As a result, the Ethics Committee of Public Health in Shandong University waived the requirement for obtaining written informed consent from each participant in accordance with relevant regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
