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Authors
Chen, Lu
Yang, Yuke
Zhao, Liangyu
Jia, Zhihao
Gao, Yan
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 25 March 2025
First Online: 8 April 2025
Declarations
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: All participants joined CHARLS voluntarily and signed a informed consent form before participation. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee (IRB) at Peking University in June 2008 (IRB00001052–11015), and the study protocol complies with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
