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Article History

Received: 28 September 2024

Accepted: 28 March 2025

First Online: 2 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University (S- 629–2022) reviewed and approved the study protocol in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave written informed consent. We registered the study protocol at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS, reference: DRKS00032620, ). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Christin Zeitz, Alina Herrmann (AH) and Claudia Quittmann (CQ) are employed by the KLIOL project, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). The BMWK had no influence on the study. AH and CQ received honoraria for developing a training on climate-sensitive health counselling from the Institute for continued medical education in general practice (Institut für hausärztliche Fortbildung). AH and CQ are members of the ‘German Alliance Climate Change and Health’ (Deutsche Allianz Klimawandel und Gesundheit e.V., KLUG) where they do not receive payments. Ina Danquah (ID) received an honorarium for a lecture at the Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, support for attending the World Health Summit 2023 by Abbott Center for Malnutrition Solutions and holds the position of chair of the Working Group ‘Diabetes and Migration’ of the German Diabetes Association (DDG). Laura Harrison (LH) received funding from “Heidelberg Graduate School of Global Health” by the Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung, honoraria for presentations by the Dr. Rainer Wild Stiftung and the Stadt-Heidelberg-Stiftung together with the Graduate Academy of Heidelberg University and Heidelberg Center for the Environment and is employed by the European Distance Learning University (Europäische Fernhochschule Hamburg) for a textbook on sustainable nutrition. LH participated in the student groups ‘Health4 Future Münster’. AH received research funding for a post-doc position on a sustainable weight loss trial in Burkina Faso, received honoraria for invited talks at Medical Chambers in Germany (Landesärztekammer Bayern, Apothekerkammer Hessen, Bezirksärztekammer Nord-Württemberg) and German University Clinics and other Hospitals (Charité Berlin, Uniklinik Erlangen, Barmherzige Brüder Trier). AH is on the advisory board and participates in the expert panel of the research project “RESILARE” of AQUA Institute (funded by the German Innovation Fund by the G-BA (the Federal Joint Committee of physicians, dentists, hospitals and health insurance funds in Germany). AH is speaker of the section ‘Climate change and health’ of the German Society of General and Family Medicine (DEGAM) and a DEGAM board member and receives no payment for this role. Gabriele Stieglbauer, Ulrich Reininghaus and Anita Schick state no competing interests. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to the BMC Public Health.