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Article History

Received: 30 June 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 14 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at King Saud University (KSU-IRB [E- 22–7054]) and the Ministry of Education (MOE) along with its departments. In addition, consent was obtained from all participants and school supervisors. All procedures conducted in studies involving human participants adhered to the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee, in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments, or comparable ethical standards.According to the Ethics of Scientific Research rules of King Saud University [ ], and the General Education School Regulations of Ministry of Education [ ] in Saudi Arabia regarding individuals younger than 18-year-old. Upon approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Ministry of Education (MOE) and its departments for a research survey, the school, through its supervisors, has the authority to accept or reject the proposal without the need to obtain consent from parents or legal guardians, provided that no interventions are made, and no personal data are collected. After selecting eligible participants, they were informed about the study's objectives and assured of the confidentiality of their data. Consent was obtained from all participants, and legal consent was granted by the school supervisors of each institution after reviewing the survey content to ensure it aligned with school values and avoided sensitive topics. Consent for publication. Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.