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Authors
Gumede, Ntombizonke A.
Hlongwane, Siphesihle
Nxumalo, Vuyiswa
Gumede, Dumile
Shahmanesh, Maryam
Seeley, Janet
Harling, Guy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (210479/Z/18/Z; 201433/Z/16/Z)
National Institutes of Health (R01 MH114560)
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (MR/P024378/1)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1136774; OPP1171600)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2024
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
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: No data was collected for this analysis. All five underlying studies were previously approved by research ethics committees (REC) at University of the KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) or Human Sciences Research Council in South Africa and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine or University of Southampton in the United Kingdom (depending on the study). This analysis was approved by UKZN’s Biomedical REC (reference BE352-19) and University College London’s REC (15231-001) as falling within the scope of the original studies. Both the original studies and this reanalysis were reviewed and approved by AHRI’s Community Advisory Board. All participants in the original studies provided written informed consent; where children under 18 years of age were interviewed, written informed consent from parents or guardians was also obtained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
