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Authors
Qu, Bingjie
Hu, Bifeng
Rong, Rong
Wu, Longfei
Shi, Xiang
Ma, Zheng Feei
Yuan, Linxi
Goodacre, Royston
Jordan, Kelvin P.
Chen, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (PGRS, no. 2012021)
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 4 April 2025
First Online: 28 April 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval of the CHARLS waves was granted from Institutional Review Board at Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was reviewed and approved by the University Ethics Committee (UEC) of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) without the need to apply for ethical clearance.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
