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Authors
Park, Eun-Ju
Gil, Yoon Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Seoul National University (New Faculty Startup Fund)
Seoul National University (New Faculty Startup Fund)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00347440)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00347440)
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2025
Accepted: 4 April 2025
First Online: 15 April 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized secondary data from the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). The 2023 KCHS used in this study was excluded from the scope of human subject research based on Article 2, Clause 2 of the Enforcement Rules of the Bioethics and Safety Act of Korea []. Additionally, the data used in this study are secondary data, and an exemption from obtaining informed consent was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Seoul National University School of Dentistry (IRB approval number S-D20240034).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
