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Authors
He, Chunhui
Gao, Min
He, Ting
Xing, Fuwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2023-GSP-QN-36)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222143)
National Hige Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-GSP-GG-9)
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2024
Accepted: 10 April 2025
First Online: 13 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided informed consent. The study strictly adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As this study involved secondary analysis of de-identified data, additional ethical approval was not required.
: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) is managed by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and its research protocol has received approval from the NCHS Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
