Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 March 2024

Accepted: 24 April 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical review and approval were not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the standards of Swedish legislation and institutional requirements. See information provided by the Swedish Ethical Review Board: The Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) dataset does not include any personal identification information. The questionnaire is filled out by students anonymously and voluntarily. Since the study does not involve the collection of sensitive data, it did not require formal approval from an ethical review board. Informed consent was obtained from the participating students. Schools informed parents/guardians about the upcoming study, and parents who preferred their children not to take part were requested to notify the school. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.