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Article History

Received: 18 February 2025

Accepted: 2 May 2025

First Online: 17 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the Institutional Review Board of Korea University approved the study protocol, granting an IRB exemption and waiving the requirement for informed consent (reference No. KU_IRB-2024-0223), owing to the use of publicly available secondary data from the KHPS. The KHPS obtained informed written consent from participants during the original data collection process, which covered the use of survey data for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.