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Authors
Zhang, Gege
Dong, Sijie
Wang, Li
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2025
First Online: 23 May 2025
Declarations
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: This is a retrospective study based on CHARLS database. The patient’s informa tion has been hidden before the study. There is no need for the patient’s informed consent and no ethical conflict. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015), and all participants signed the informed consent at the time of participation. This research followed the guidance of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All authors agree to the content of this manuscript and its publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
