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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 12 May 2025

First Online: 31 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods are in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was not required for our study since we utilized the publicly available DHS dataset. We acquired the datasets through the DHS Program after completing the requisite registration process and obtaining approval for their utilization. Our adherence to ethical guidelines governing the use of secondary datasets in research publications was comprehensive. For detailed information on our utilization of the DHS data and the ethical standards we adhered to, please refer to the following link: .

: None declared.

: The authors declare no competing interests.