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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 15 May 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Suffolk’s Research Ethical Approval System (reference ID: RETH24/018). Ethical approval from the Health Research Authority (HRA) was waived, as the study did not involve patients, minors, or clinical trials or pose any risks to participants, in alignment with UK national regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.