Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 April 2024

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 2 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The protocol received ethical approval from both the National Health Research Bioethics Committee of Togo, Ref No. 022-2021-CBRS and the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board, Canada, Ref No.H-07-21-6967, which conforms to the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans-TCPS2 (2022) - based on the Declaration of Helsinki. We also received written permission from the Scientific and Technical Research Department of Togo, Ref. No 086/MESR/SG/DRST/21. Before data collection, all participants gave consent to take part in the interviews. Informed consent was obtained in writing from healthcare professionals, and verbally from rural women, in line with the ethics committee’s guidelines and regulations, due to barriers related to language or literacy. All research activities were carried out in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the national regulations governing research involving human participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.