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Authors
Dowling, Lisa
Arthurs-Hartnett, Sophia
Ortegon-Sanchez, Adriana
Lewer, Dan
Hutton, Angela
James, Rebecca
Smith, Andrew
Bates, Elizabeth
Jones, Sally
Christie, Nicola
McEachan, Rosemary R. C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Prevention Research Partnership (MR/S037527/1)
UK Prevention Research Partnership (MR/S037527/1)
UK Research and Innovation for the Healthy Urban Places consortium (MR/Y022785/1)
UK Research and Innovation for the Healthy Urban Places consortium (MR/Y022785/1)
UK Research and Innovation for the Healthy Urban Places consortium (MR/Y022785/1)
UK Research and Innovation for the Healthy Urban Places consortium (MR/Y022785/1)
White Rose Doctoral Training Partnership
National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber ARC (NIHR200166)
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 20 May 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the University College London (UCL) Research Ethics Committee (ref: 4129/008). Informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians/parents of study participants via an opt-out process. Parents and legal guardians received a participant information sheet via their school outlining the project and data collected and which instructed them to inform their child’s teacher if they did not wish their child to take part. Assent from eligible children (study participants) was obtained prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
