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Authors
Wang, Qunkai
Meng, Nan
Ma, Yunxia
Wang, Yanping
Wang, Kexin
Zhuge, Ruiqian
Wang, Yuxuan
Wang, Peng
Liu, Huan
Wu, Qunhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562, 72361137562)
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Article History
Received: 14 February 2024
Accepted: 21 May 2025
First Online: 4 June 2025
Declarations
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: The survey in this study is anonymous and does not collect personal identity information, and does not involve sensitive topics. According to the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Beings, research conducted using anonymous information data can be exempted from ethical review. The need for ethical approval was waived by the ethical review committee of Harbin Medical University. Therefore, this study does not currently require ethical review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
