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Authors
Aimyshev, Temirgali
Zhakhina, Gulnur
Yerdessov, Sauran
Akhmedullin, Ruslan
Galiyeva, Dinara
Yergaliyev, Kuanysh
Sarria-Santamera, Antonio
Semenova, Yuliya
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nazarbayev University
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2024
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
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: Given the retrospective nature of the study, the Institutional Review Ethics Committee of Nazarbayev University waived the need for informed consent and approved this study (NU-IREC 833/10012024; January 22, 2024). All data used in this study were anonymized and aggregated to ensure privacy and confidentiality. As this study did not involve identifiable human subjects, the Declaration of Helsinki was not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
