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Article History

Received: 2 April 2025

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 26 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The research conducted as part of the project Sustainable encounters in large preschool playgrounds was reviewed and approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (No. 2021–02403). The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to data collection, all participants (schools, teachers, children and their parents or legal guardians) received information regarding the aim and procedure of the project. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16, and they agreed to take part voluntarily. All participants could withdraw their participation at any time without providing any further explanation. The collected data was de-identified and handled with strict adherence to ethical guidelines to ensure the protection of individual children.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.