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Article History

Received: 3 February 2025

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics Mid-Norway (178092), Nepal Health Research Council (2395) and ethics committees of Kathmandu Medical College (2211202104) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (18/22). This study adheres to the Helsinki Declaration [] and follows the recommendations set forth by World Health Organization (WHO) regarding ethics and safety in intervention research on violence against women []. In particular we took precautions regarding participant’s confidentiality to ensure their safety and well-being such as taking them to a private room and asking them not to share information about participating in a study on violence with their husband and family to protect them from potential perpetrator. Upon completing the baseline questionnaire, all participants received a leaflet regarding a safe and healthy pregnancy and a card containing contact numbers for emergency medical conditions, hospital services, ambulances, and helplines available in Nepal for situations involving violence. All data collected via the C-ACASI method were automatically encrypted and securely stored on a dedicated cloud server.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.