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Authors
Kisendi, Dotto Daniel
Lyakurwa, D.
Paulo, Heavenlight A.
Malingumu, Elizabeth
Vong, Virna
Matthews, E.
Huma, Ebrima
Mkama, Mgole Eliud
Wu, kang
Zhang, Yili
Li, Bei
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Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 4 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study analyzed the collected data from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS), which had already obtained ethical clearance; hence, this study did not need another ethical clearance. However, permission to use the data was requested from the DHS custodian. Procedures and questionnaires for standard DHS surveys have been reviewed and approved by ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB). Additionally, country-specific DHS survey protocols are reviewed by the ICF IRB and typically by an IRB in the host country. ICF IRB ensures that the survey complies with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for protecting human subjects (45 CFR 46), while the host country IRB ensures that the survey complies with the laws and norms of the nation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
